(cliquez ici pour suivre le lien)" width=768 height=512>

Over the weekend an exhibition opened at the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York. Entitled “Uniformity,” it displays 71 pieces from the museum’s collection of (surprise) uniforms, divided into four categories — military, work, school, sports — as well as a select group of the fashion looks they influenced, like Geoffrey Beene’s 1967 sequined football jersey gown and Rei Kawakubo’s 1998 military vest and pleated skirt for Comme des Garçons.“I was interested in the inherent dichotomy between uniforms and fashion,” said Emma McClendon, assistant curator of costume, and the organizer of the exhibition, “because while they should be antithetical to one another — the first is about conformity, the second about creativity — they are also deeply interrelated. It’s ironic.”But not as ironic as the fact that the show opens just as a number of recent disputes have underscored a somewhat different, and disruptive, reality. We live in a moment in which the notion of a uniform is increasingly out of fashion, at least when it comes to the implicit codes of professional and public life. Indeed, the museum may be the only place they now make sense.If once upon a time Melanie Griffith’s character in “Working Girl” could manipulate viewers’ assumptions about her job and background simply by swapping leather jackets and minidresses for greige suits, today it would be impossible. “We are in a very murky period,” Ms. McClendon said.Just before the museum’s show opened, for example, Britain was momentarily distracted from discussions over Brexit (leaving the European Union) by the news that Nicola Thorp, a temp worker, had been sent home from her receptionist job at PricewaterhouseCoopers for refusing to wear heels, as dictated by the dress code of her agency, Portico.She took her cause public, starting a petition for a parliamentary hearing titled “Make it illegal for a company to require women to wear high heels at work.” If you get more than 100,000 signatures, Parliament will consider the petition, and as of Tuesday afternoon she had 140,712.Photo

(cliquez ici pour suivre le lien)" width=645 height=430>

Elisabeth Moss as Peggy Olson, an advertising-secretary-turned-copywriter in the 1960s, in the television show, “Mad Men.” CreditJordin Althaus/AMC, via Associated PressAlmost immediately, ITV, the British television network, conducted a pollon whether employers should be allowed to require women to wear heels;social media freaked out; and Portico announced it had changed its policy: Flats were now acceptable for women (men, of course, could always wear them).Continue reading the main storyEditors’ Picks

Obamas’ Next Home: 9 Bedrooms in a Wealthy Washington NeighborhoodMAY 25

Their Runs Are Over, but Turkish Pioneers Inspired a NationMAY 25

Review: In ‘Secondhand Time,’ Voices From a Lost RussiaMAY 24

South Africa, One Nation United by the GrillMAY 23

Which Rock Star Will Historians of the Future Remember?MAY 23

See More »

A few days later, sweatergate broke out in the United States when a weather forecaster on KTLA-TV in Los Angeles was handed a gray sweater to cover up a tank dress she was wearing on the air. She said it was a joke, courtesy of her co-anchor, but Twitter took offense, perceiving it as an attempt to control what women wear.All of this follows famous dress code brouhahas like the UBS scandal of 2010 when the Internet discovered that the Swiss bank had issued a 44-page booklet of guidelines for employee dress that included instructions on shoulder width and underwear shade.Then there was the “flat shoe” uproar of 2015, when two women were supposedly barred from the red carpet in Cannes for not wearing heels. (The festival director denied the report on Twitter.)And earlier this year, Kansas State Senator Mitch Holmes was forced to issue a public apology for having included, in his guidelines for the Senate Ethics and Elections Committee, which he chaired, a rule for those appearing before the state panel that read: “Conferees should be dressed in professional attire. For ladies, low-cut necklines and miniskirts are inappropriate.” No such specific guidelines were issued for men. Oops. This did not sit well with many.“I have decided to retract the conferee guidelines,” he said later in a statement, which also noted, “My failure to clearly specify that all conferees, regardless of gender, should strive to present themselves professionally is unacceptable.”Photo

(cliquez ici pour suivre le lien)" width=645 height=625>

Mary Tyler Moore is shown as TV news producer Mary Richards in a scene from the “The Mary Tyler Moore Show” in the 1970’s. CreditAssociated PressThe slippery slope may have started as a gentle incline way back in the 1970s, and become a bit steeper during the Casual Friday movement of the 1990s and the success of the Facebook I.P.O. in 2012 with its hoodie-wearing billionaires. But today, we are speeding down it at breakneck pace, partly thanks to the hot-button conversation around gender equality, and fluidity.“There has been a dramatic change very recently,” said Susan Scafidi, a law professor at Fordham University and founder of the Fashion Law Institute.She noted that last December the New York City Commission on Human Rights announced new guidelines for the municipal human rights law that expressly prohibited “enforcing dress codes, uniforms, and grooming standards that impose different requirements based on sex or gender.”As a result, no employer may require men to wear ties unless they also require women to wear ties, or ask that heels be worn unless both sexes have to wear them. And though this applies only to “official” dress codes, the trickle-down effect is inevitable.“Dress is now open to the interpretation of the individual, rather than an institution,” Professor Scafidi said.This has created an even greater tension in the more ambiguous areas of office dress, especially as the boundaries between home and work become ever blurrier.Photo

(cliquez ici pour suivre le lien)" width=645 height=737>

image：formal dresses

Calista Flockhart and Gil Bellows in the Fox television series, “Ally McBeal”.CreditLarry Watson/Fox, via Associated Press“There’s a strain of thought that says an employee represents a company, and thus dress is not about personal expression, but company expression,” Professor Scafidi said. “But there’s a counterargument that believes because we identify so much with our careers, we should be able to be ourselves at work.”And that has led to all sorts of complications. One person’s “appropriate” can easily be another’s “disgraceful,” and words like “professional,” when used to describe dress requirements, can seem so vague as to be almost meaningless. Kanye West wearing ripped jeans and a jeweled Balmain jacket at the Met Gala: cool or rude? Julia Roberts at the premiere of “Money Monster” at Cannes this year in bare feet: red carpet pioneer or a step too far?At The New York Times, Michael Golden, the vice chairman, told me: “We have customer-facing jobs and those that are principally internal. We ask employees to dress appropriately for the interactions planned for their day.” But that can have broad interpretations. In the newsroom, people show up in everything from double-breasted suits to shorts; from sneakers and Birkenstocks to platform heels.All of which leaves us where? Confused, mostly. And fast trying to create our own codes, or parse those of the offices around us. Mark Zuckerberg, for example, is on the record as saying he wears the same gray T-shirt every day so that he can focus his energy on other decisions.Ms. McClendon acknowledges that she tends to wear “all black, pretty much every day, and sculptural shapes — it’s the museum uniform.” Professor Scafidi said, “My business uniform is a black jacket with a fitted, knee-length sheath, classic 100-millimeter single-sole pumps, and usually our logo pin — my equivalent of armor, arms and insignia, respectively.”Indeed, according to Ms. McClendon, uniforms evolved for a reason: “They fulfill a need to identify your place in the world,” for the wearer and the observer. At least when they are easy to read. And part of the idea behind the F.I.T. show, she said, was to “put visitors in the mind-set to consider uniform dressing more broadly, and how it impacts their own lives.”In other words, to live an examined life when it comes to your wardrobe and your workplace. Because these issues are only going to get more complicated.“We are moving into an era where personal expression is going to trump the desire to create a corporate identity,” Professor Scafidi said. “It’s a huge power shift.” And it has already begun.

Read more：evening dresses online